Memphis city officials estimated that 22, students skipped school that day to participate in the demonstration. King arrived late and found a massive crowd on the brink of chaos. Lawson and King led the march together but quickly called off the demonstration as violence began to erupt. King was whisked away to a nearby hotel, and Lawson told the mass of people to turn around and go back to the church. In the chaos that followed, downtown shops were looted, and a year-old was shot and killed by a police officer.
Police followed demonstrators back to the Clayborn Temple, entered the church, released tear gas inside the sanctuary, and clubbed people as they lay on the floor to get fresh air. Loeb called for martial law and brought in 4, National Guard troops.
King considered not returning to Memphis, but decided that if the nonviolent struggle for economic justice was going to succeed it would be necessary to follow through with the movement there.
He arrived on 3 April and was persuaded to speak by a crowd of dedicated sanitation workers who had braved another storm to hear him. I may not get there with you. Johnson sent James Reynolds, undersecretary of labor, to Memphis to help resolve the strike.
Nearly two weeks later on April 16, the Memphis sanitation workers' strike ended when the city agreed to issue raises to African American employees and recognize the workers' union. Expand all Collapse all Results view. On March 28, , King returned to Memphis to lead a march with Lawson in support of the strike. The protest turned ugly when an outside group infiltrated the marchers and became violent, leading to the death of an African American teenager.
Despite the tragedy, the strike continued, as did smaller demonstrations. One of the last pictures to be taken of Dr. King renounced the violence from the March 28 protest, but many of his critics still blamed him for it. What would happen to me from some of our sick white brothers? Well, I don't know what will happen now. We've got some difficult days ahead. Methods in 3rd segment.
Public speeches. Protest meetings. Methods in 4th segment. Methods in 5th segment. Banners, posters, and displayed communications. Methods in 6th segment. Demonstrative funerals. Additional methods Timing Unknown. Civil disobedience of "illegitimate" laws. Segment Length. Leaders, partners, allies, elites. Jones sanitation-employee-turned-organizer , other sanitation workers, and Rev. External allies. Involvement of social elites. After the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
Opponent, Opponent Responses, and Violence. Nonviolent responses of opponent. Campaigner violence. Members of a militant youth group who were marching with the strikers broke windows, looted stores, and incited police violence. Repressive Violence. On February 23, police attacked strikers marching on Main Street, using mace.
On March 28, in a march led by King, police attacked marchers with nightsticks, tear gas, mace, and gunfire after windows were broken and shops looted by individuals in the march.
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