Your use of this information means that you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Learn how we develop our content. To learn more about Healthwise, visit Healthwise. Healthwise, Healthwise for every health decision, and the Healthwise logo are trademarks of Healthwise, Incorporated. Top of the page. Surgery Overview Tubal ligation , often referred to as "having your tubes tied," is a surgical procedure in which a woman's fallopian tubes are blocked, tied, or cut.
Tubal ligation method There are several different ways of closing the fallopian tubes, including clipping or banding them shut or cutting and stitching or burning them closed.
A tubal ligation can be done using a: A laparoscopy or mini-lap. These are done by inserting a viewing instrument and surgical tools through two small incisions laparoscopy or one small incision mini-lap in the abdomen. Postpartum tubal ligation. This is usually done as a mini-laparotomy after childbirth.
The fallopian tubes are higher in the abdomen right after pregnancy, so the incision is made below the belly button navel. The procedure is often done within 24 to 36 hours after the baby is delivered. Tubal implant method Implants, such as Essure, are inserted in the fallopian tubes without surgery or general anesthesia.
Before the procedure, your cervix is first opened dilated to reduce the risk of injury to the cervix. Your doctor will use a speculum and a dilating instrument to gradually open the cervix just before the procedure. For the procedure, you are positioned as you would be for a pelvic examination. Your doctor passes a thin tube catheter through your vagina and cervix, into the uterus, and then into a fallopian tube.
The catheter is used to place an implant into a fallopian tube. An implant is then placed in the other fallopian tube the same way. You may have some menstrual-like cramps afterwards. Advantages Tubal ligation and tubal implants are permanent methods of birth control and allow you to be sexually active without worrying about becoming pregnant.
Disadvantages Tubal ligation and tubal implants do not protect against sexually transmitted infections STIs , including infection with the human immunodeficiency virus HIV. You may have some slight vaginal bleeding caused by the movement of your uterus during the surgery. If you had a laparoscopy, your stomach may be swollen distended from the gas that was used to lift your skin and muscles away from your abdominal organs so the surgeon could see them better.
This should go away within a day or so but may last longer. You may also have some back or shoulder pain from the gas in your abdomen. This will go away as your body absorbs the gas. You can shower 24 hours after the surgery, but avoid rubbing or pulling on your incision for at least a week.
You can have sexual intercourse as soon as you feel like it and it does not cause pain, which is usually 1 week after surgery. Be sure to rest for a few days or at least 24 hours before beginning to resume your normal activities.
You should be able to resume all activities within a week. No backup method of birth control is needed after the surgery. Tubal implants Most women can return to normal activities the same day as the procedure. You may have cramps, vaginal bleeding, or discomfort in your pelvis or back. Be sure to use another method of birth control for 3 months, until an X-ray confirms that the fallopian tubes are blocked. Why It Is Done A tubal ligation or tubal implant placement is a permanent method of birth control.
Tubal ligation There is a slight risk of becoming pregnant after tubal ligation. This happens to about 5 out of 1, women after 1 year.
After a total of 5 years following tubal ligation, about 13 out of 1, women will have become pregnant. Your doctor can discuss which method of ligation is more effective for preventing tubes from growing back together. The surgery was not done correctly. You were pregnant at the time of surgery. Tubal implants Studies show that over 2 years, fewer than 1 out of women with implants got pregnant.
Some women have to have a repeat procedure before both tubal implants are properly placed. The technique involves holding the fallopian tube between the electrical conducting paddles of a bipolar forceps and turning on the current until enough heat is generated in the tissue tube , all water evaporates and no more current flows from one paddle through the desiccated tube and into the other paddle.
Unfortunately, the heat generated in this process has been shown to spread along the tube for a distance of up to almost one inch two centimeters in either direction. In addition, most gynecologists place the paddles two or three times in adjacent portions of the isthmic segment. The damage caused by this type of ligation may be so extensive so that only one or two centimeters of tube are available for repair on either side of the previous cauterization.
This type of tubal ligation can be reversed in most cases, but only if the tube was cauterized in just one spot or if the paddles were applied times in very close or adjoining portions of the tube.
This leads to lower pregnancy rates after reversal. This type of tubal interruption is also done through the laparoscope. It involves burning one or more adjoining segments of the fallopian tube and usually cutting them to cause interruption.
The heat generated can damage adjoining segments to the tube and lead to very short tubes for anastomosis. Repair can be attempted if the surgery notes indicate that a relatively conservative procedure was performed.
Salpingectomy is the medical term for removal of the tube. Fortunately, some gynecologists use this term to describe a partial salpingectomy and not a total removal of the tube. This type of tubal ligation can be reversed as long as some tube was left near the womb and some portion of the ampulla has been left behind for repair. The figure below shows a type of tubal sterilization that is not reversible. In top image, the end of the tube is removed. This type of distal sterilization is what may be done when the ligation is done through a vaginal incision.
This is a older type of procedure that is not frequently done today. The middle image shows the part of the middle part of the tube being interupted by a clip.
This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview Tubal ligation Open pop-up dialog box Close. Tubal ligation In a tubal ligation, the fallopian tubes are cut or blocked to disrupt the path normally taken by eggs from the ovaries.
Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Hatcher RA, et al.
Permanent contraception. In: Contraceptive Technology. Ayer Company Publishers; Hatcher RA, et al. Female Sterilization: Tubal Ligation or Occlusion. In: Managing Contraception Tiger, Georgia: Bridging the Gap Foundation.
Frequently asked questions. Contraception FAQ Sterilization by laparoscopy. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Accessed Oct. Postpartum sterilization. Butler Tobah YS expert opinion. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Female sterilization. Mayo Clinic; Related Tubal ligation.
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